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不同遮光措施对豌豆、萝卜、向日葵芽苗菜生长、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Shading Measures on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pea, Radish and Sunflower Sprouts

DOI：

英文关键词:Keywords: shading rate sprout temperature humidity growth yield quality

基金项目:基金项目：青岛恒星科技学院专家工作室建设项目（2022NXYC11）。

作者	单位
滕燕燕1，陈佳2，马一桅2，赵春海2，刘鑫烔1，范新琳1，张鹏燕1，王玉彦1*	（1.青岛恒星科技学院，山东青岛 266100；2.滨州职业学院，山东滨州 256603）

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中文摘要:

摘要：为研究在自然光照条件下不同遮光措施对几种芽苗菜生长、产量及营养品质的影响，选用遮光率分别为90%、65%、50%的常规遮阳网对豌豆、萝卜和向日葵3种芽苗菜进行遮光处理，以不遮光处理为对照，测定分析不同处理栽培盘内温、湿度变化及芽苗菜的生长、产量、品质等指标的变化情况。结果表明：遮光处理对栽培盘内温度的影响具有时段性。在白天（06：00—18：00），遮光处理均不同程度降低了栽培盘内的温度，且遮光率越高、光照越强，温度降低幅度越大，在15：00，90%、65%遮光率处理的温度分别较对照降低14.9%、11.4%；遮光处理栽培盘内湿度均较对照有所增加。遮光处理的3种芽苗菜百株地上部鲜质量、产量、VC含量和口感评定分值均有不同程度增加，百株地上部干质量、叶绿素含量、纤维素含量均有所下降，其中65%遮光率处理的萝卜苗百株地上部鲜质量、VC含量、口感评定分值均最高，产量居第2位，分别较对照显著增加27.6%、3.8%、52.6%和38.6%；65%遮光率处理的豌豆苗产量最高，较对照显著增加5.4%，90%遮光率处理的豌豆苗VC含量、口感评定分值均最高，较对照分别显著增加4.6%、169.2%，纤维素含量最低，较对照显著降低53.0%；90%遮光率处理的向日葵苗苗高、产量、VC含量、口感评定分值均最高，较对照分别显著增加19.2%、6.7%、4.3%、70.6%，纤维素含量最低，较对照显著降低46.6%。综合评价得出，在温室、大棚芽苗菜生产中，萝卜苗生产可采用65%遮光率处理；以产量为目的的豌豆苗生产可采用65%遮光率处理，追求品质生产的可采用90%遮光率处理；向日葵苗生产可采用90%遮光率处理。

英文摘要:

Abstract: In order to study the effects of different shading measures on the growth, yield and nutritional quality of sprouts under natural illumination, three kinds of sprouts including pea, radish and sunflower were shaded by conventional shading nets with shading rates of 90%, 65% and 50%, respectively, and no shading treatment was used as control. The changes of temperature and humidity in the cultivation tray and the changes of growth, yield and quality of sprouts were measured and analyzed under different treatments. The results showed that the effect of shading treatment on the temperature in the cultivation tray was timevarying. In the daytime (06:00-18:00), the shading treatment reduced the temperature in the cultivation tray at different degrees, and the higher the shading rate the stronger the illumination, the greater the temperature reduction range. At 15:00, the temperatures in the cultivation tray treated with shading rate of 90% and 65% decreased by 14.9% and 11.4% compared with the control, respectively. Compared with the control, the humidity in the cultivation tray of shading treatment increased, but there was no significant difference between shading treatments and control. The above-ground fresh weight of 100 plants, yield, VC content and taste evaluation scores of three kinds sprouts of shading treatments increased at different degrees, while the above-grounddry weight of 100 plants, chlorophyll content and cellulose content decreased. The yield of pea seedlings treated with 65% shading rate was the highest, which significantly increased by 5.4% compared with the control. The VC content and taste evaluation scores of pea seedlings treated with 90% shading rate were the highest, which significantly increased by 4.6% and 169.2% compared with the control, respectively, while the cellulose content was the lowest, which significantly decreased by 53.0%. The seedling height, yield, VC content and taste evaluation scores of sunflower seedlings treated with 90% shading rate were all the highest, which significantly increased by19.2%, 6.7%, 4.3% and 70.6% compared with the control, respectively, while the cellulose content was the lowest, which significantly decreased by 46.6%. Comprehensive evaluation showed that 65% shading rate treatment could be used in radish seedling production, 65% shading rate treatment could be used in pea seedling production aiming at yield, and 90% shading rate treatment could be used in quality production of pea seedling, 90% shading rate treatment could be used in sunflower seedling production of greenhouse and plastic tunnel.

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