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| 茄子与平菇、甘蓝、甘薯间作对其长势、产量及根际环境的影响 |
| The Effects on the Growth, Yield and Rhizosphere Environment of Eggplant Intercropping Oyster Mushroom, Cabbage and Sweet Potato |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 关键词：平菇 甘蓝 甘薯 茄子 间作 长势 产量 根际环境 |
| 英文关键词:Keywords: oyster mushroom cabbage sweet potato eggplant intercropping vigor yield rhizosphere environment |
| 基金项目:基金项目：北京市农业农村局资助项目（BKJY-2023-013）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘要：为避免因茄子连年种植导致的土传病害增加而对茄子生产造成影响，形成健康、生态的解决办法，以茄子不间作为对照，研究分析了茄子与平菇、甘蓝、甘薯3种作物分别间作后对其长势、产量及根际环境的影响。结果表明：与对照相比，茄子与3种作物间作对茄子株高日均生长量、茎粗、单株坐果数、单果质量、667 m2平均产量以及根际土壤干质量、含水量、EC值、碳氮比、有机碳含量、无机碳含量、有机质含量、速效磷含量均未造成显著影响；茄子与甘蓝间作较与平菇、甘薯间作可显著降低土壤干质量和速效钾含量，且较对照分别降低了8.58%和11.11%，这有利于土壤孔隙度的增加，同时较对照极显著提高了茄子根际细菌总量，显著提高了根际真菌总量及根际细菌与真菌总量比值，分别较对照提高114.44%、42.18%和49.56%，这有助于茄子连作障碍的消减及土传病害的防治；茄子与平菇间作极显著降低了根际土壤的pH值，较对照降低5.36%，极显著降低了土壤全碳含量和全氮含量，分别降低16.99%和17.10%，但显著提高了土壤速效氮含量，增幅达36.10%，极显著提高了根际细菌总量和真菌总量，分别提高71.84%和156.98%；茄子与甘薯间作，极显著降低了根际土壤的pH值，降幅达7.39%，但显著提高了土壤速效钾含量和根际真菌总量，极显著增加了根际细菌总量，增幅分别达27.76%、56.98%和99.67%。综合上述分析认为，茄子与甘蓝间作有利于改善土壤团粒结构，丰富、稳定土壤生态系统，有助于作物植株健康生长，但间作时需要及时补充钾肥；而茄子与平菇、甘薯间作会降低土壤pH值，提高土壤肥力，可用于盐碱土或“生”土的改良。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract: In order to avoid the effect on eggplant production with increase of soil-borne diseases caused by continuous planting of eggplant, and form a healthy and ecological solution, the effects of intercropping oyster mushroom, cabbage and sweet potato with eggplant on the growth, yield and rhizosphere environment of eggplant were studied and analyzed by taking common planting as control. The results showed that compared with the control, the intercropping eggplant with three crops had no significant effects on the average daily growth of plant height, stem diameter, the fruit number per plant, the single fruit weight, the average yield per 667 m2 of eggplant and dry weight,
water content, EC value, C/N, organic carbon content, inorganic carbon content, organic matter content and available phosphorus content of rhizosphere soil. The intercropping eggplant with cabbage and significantly reduced the dry weight and available potassium content of rhizosphere soil compared with eggplant intercropping oyster mushroom or sweet potato, which reduced by 8.58% and 11.11% compared with control, respectively, which was beneficial to the increase of soil porosity, and the total amount of bacteria extremely and significantly increased by 114.44% compared with the control, while the total amount of fungi and the ratio of total amount of bacteria and fungi of rhizosphere soil increased by 42.18% and 49.56% compared with the control, respectively, which was helpful to reduce the obstacles of continuous planting of eggplant and control of soil-borne diseases. The intercropping eggplant with oyster mushroom could extremely and significantly reduce the pH value of rhizosphere soil by 5.36% compared with the control, and significantly reduce the contents of total carbon and total nitrogen of rhizosphere soil by 16.99% and 17.10%, respectively, but significantly increase the content of available nitrogen by 36.10%, while extremely and significantly increase the total amount of bacteria and fungi of rhizosphere soil by 71.84% and 156.98%, respectively. The intercropping eggplant with sweet potato could extremely and significantly decrease the pH value of rhizosphere soil by 7.39%, but significantly increase the content of available potassium and the total amount of fungi of rhizosphere soil by 27.76% and 56.98%, respectively, and extremely and significantly increase the total amount of bacteria by 99.67%. Based on the above analysis, it was considered that intercropping eggplant with cabbage were beneficial to improve soil aggregate structure, enrich and stabilize soil ecosystem, and contribute to the healthy growth of crops, but potassium fertilizer should be supplemented in time during intercropping. However, eggplant intercropping oyster mushroom or sweet potato could reduce pH value and improve soil fertility of rhizosphere soil, which could be used to improve the saline-alkali soil or the 'raw' soil. |
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