蔬菜

韶关市菜地土壤理化性质分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Vegetable Soil in Shaoguan

DOI：

英文关键词:Keywords: soil vegetable field cruciferae rape mustard pH value fertility Cd

基金项目:基金项目：2023年广东农技服务轻骑兵重大农业技术乡村行推广项目；2022年广东省科技计划项目（210123609079；2023B0202010026）；2021年广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金（210903164532210）。

作者	单位
高磊1，李海渤2，冯慧敏2*	（1.广东省农业技术推广中心，广东广州 510520；2.韶关学院生物与农业学院/韶关市芥菜工程技术研究开发中心/韶关市油菜新品种选育工程技术研究中心，广东韶关 512005）

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中文摘要:

摘要：为掌握韶关市油菜、芥菜等十字花科菜地土壤肥力水平及C d污染情况，分析与评价了韶关市28个菜地土壤物理性黏粒含量（＜0.01 mm）、有机质含量、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量、镉含量及pH值。结果显示：供试土壤平均pH值呈中性（6.73，3级），平均有机质含量、全氮含量、速效钾含量分别为25.72 g/kg、1.21 g/kg、142.10 mg/kg，均为3级，平均碱解氮含量、速效磷含量分别为164.83、44.73 mg/kg，均为1级，镉的平均含量0.18 mg/kg，未超标；土壤pH值、有机质含量、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量1～3级占比依次为：50.00%、71.41%、53.58%、82.13%、92.86%、71.43%，碱解氮含量、速效磷含量以中等偏上水平的点位居多，Cd超标点位属轻度污染（1≤P i ＜2）。土壤物理性黏粒含量同全氮含量极显著正相关，土壤pH值与土壤碱解氮含量极显著负相关，土壤有机质含量同碱解氮含量显著正相关，速效磷含量同速效钾含量极显著正相关。供试土壤质地适宜种植蔬菜；pH值平均水平呈中性（3级），有机质含量、全氮含量、速效钾含量平均水平属于中等（3级），碱解氮含量、速效磷含量平均水平属于很丰富（1级），可通过增施有机肥、钾肥提升土壤肥力；应采取措施治理Cd污染或改种其他经济作物。

英文摘要:

Abstract: In order to master the soil fertility level and Cd pollution in different cruciferae vegetable fields of rape, mustard in Shaoguan, the contents of particle composition (PC,＜0.01 mm), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK) and cadmium (Cd) and pH value in 28 vegetable fields in Shaoguan city of Guangdong province were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the average pH value was neutral (6.73, level 3), the average contents of OM, TN and AK were 25.72 g/kg, 1.21 g/kg and 142.10 mg/kg, respectively, all of which were level 3, the average contents of AN and AP were 164.83 mg/kg and 44.73 mg/kg, all of which were level 1, and the average content of Cd was 0.18 mg/kg, not exceeding the standard. The proportions of soil pH value, OM, TN, AN, AP and AK at level 1-3 were 50.00%, 71.42%, 53.58%, 82.13%, 92.86% and 71.43%, respectively. AN and AP were mostly located at intermediate to upper levels. The over standard point of Cd was light pollution (1 ≤Pi ＜ 2). There were extremely significant positive correlation between PC content and TN content, extremely significant negative correlation between pH value and AN content, significant positive correlation between OM content and AN content, extremely significant positive correlation between AP content and AK content. Conclusion: The tested soil texture was suitable for planting vegetables and the average pH value was neutral (level 3), the average cotent of OM, TN and AK were medium (level 3), and the average content of AN and AP were rich (level 1). The soil fertility could be improved by increasing the application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Measures should be taken to control the Cd pollution or changed to other economic crops.

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