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脱毒对民乐紫皮大蒜农艺性状、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Virus-free on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Minle Purple Garlic

DOI：

中文关键词: 关键词：脱毒紫皮大蒜农艺性状产量品质

英文关键词:Keywords: virus-free purple garlic agronomic trait yield quality

基金项目:基金项目：甘肃省农业生物技术研究与应用开发项目（GNSW-2016-3）。

作者

单位

雷玉明1,2,3，郑天翔1,2,3，雷　鑫4，马　金5，何振明6，范宏伟7

1.河西学院农业与生态工程学院，甘肃张掖 734000；2.河西学院祁连山有害生物综合治理研究中心，甘肃张掖 734000；3.河西走廊特色资源利用重点实验室，甘肃张掖 734000；4.泉州师范学院陈守仁商学院，福建泉州 362000；5.甘肃前进生物科技发展有限公司，甘肃张掖 734000；6.山丹县农业技术推广中心，甘肃山丹 734100；7.民乐县农业技术推广中心，甘肃民乐 734500

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中文摘要:

摘要：为了明确脱毒大蒜的田间农艺性状和提质增产效果，采用脱毒民乐紫皮大蒜为试验材料，与未脱毒常规大蒜进行田间比较试验，比较分析了大蒜的生育期、农艺性状与产量和品质。结果表明：与常规大蒜相比较，脱毒大蒜物候期提前3～12 d，生育期缩短了9 d，易形成壮苗；株高、株幅、假茎高、假茎粗、叶长、叶宽、蒜薹长、蒜薹粗、单薹质量等9个农艺数量性状指标增长极显著，增长率分别为19.28%、18.44%、17.77%、18.97%、22.42%、11.52%、33.80%、27.45%、77.90%，叶片数增长显著，增长率为8.80%。蒜薹、鳞茎增产率分别达到136.0%、55.5%，一级鳞茎直径和单鳞茎质量最高达91.21%和90.81%，叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a＋b分别增加19.05%、18.84%、18.99%，鳞茎总糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、大蒜素含量分别增加59.45%、19.86%、23.08%、49.41%，各指标均极显著增加。脱毒有利于提高大蒜生长势，增强农艺性状与单株产量间的相关性，提升商品率和品质，增产效果显著。

英文摘要:

Abstract: In order to clarify the field agronomic traits and quality improvement and yield increase of virus-free garlic, a field comparison experiment was conducted between virus-free Minle purple garlic as test material and non virus-free conventional garlic as control (CK), and the growth period, agronomic traits, yield and quality of garlic were compared. The results showed that compared with conventional garlic, the phenology period of virus-free garlic was earlier with 3-12 d, the growth period shorted by 9 days, and the strong seedling was easy to form. Nine agronomic quantitative traits including plant height, plant width, pseudostem height, pseudostem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, garlic stem length, garlic stem thickness and single moss quality of garlic stem increased extremely significantly, with the growth rates of 19.28%, 18.44%, 17.77%, 18.97%, 22.42%, 11.52%, 33.80%, 27.45%, 77.90%, respectively. The number of leaves increased significantly, with a growth rate of 8.80%. All following traits were extremely significantly increased, with the yield of garlic stems and bulbs increased by 136.0% and 55.5%, the first order bulb diameter and single bulb weight increased by 91.21% and 90.81%, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a + b increased by 19.05%, 18.84% and 18.99%, and the content of total sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C and allicin in bulbs increased by 59.45%, 19.86%, 23.08% and 49.41%, respectively. Virus-free was beneficial to improve the growth potential of garlic, enhance the correlation between agronomic characters and yield per plant, improve the commodity rate and quality, and increase the yield significantly.

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