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低温处理对不同大小蒜种生长发育的影响

Effects of Low Temperature Treatment on the Growth and Development of Garlic Cloves of Different Sizes

DOI：

英文关键词:Keywords: garlic low temperature treatment growth and development secondary growth garlic sprout yield

基金项目:基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31972395）。

作者	单位
范孟媛，房桂萍，成玉富* ，王浩加	（扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院，江苏扬州 225000）

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中文摘要:

摘要：为研究低温条件对不同大小蒜种生长发育的影响，发挥低温处理蒜种在生产上的最大效应，以“三月黄”大蒜为试验材料，在播种前对蒜种进行6 ℃低温处理，以室内常温贮藏为对照，观察蒜种生根、出苗及植株性状，比较青蒜、蒜薹及蒜头产量。结果表明：低温处理可使蒜种提早解除休眠，促进大蒜提前生根和出苗生长，且蒜瓣越大效果越好，其中，大瓣蒜出苗率最高，达到92.4%，中瓣蒜次之，达到84.93%。低温处理能显著增加大蒜植株假茎的长度和粗度，提高单株质量即青蒜产量，且蒜瓣越大增产效果越显著，低温处理大瓣蒜种和中瓣蒜种的小区青蒜产量分别较对照增加46.28%、35.95%，且与对照间差异均达极显著水平；小瓣蒜种的小区青蒜产量比对照增加10.53%，二者间差异达到显著水平。而低温处理蒜种的蒜薹和蒜头产量均显著低于对照，且二次生长严重，蒜头瓣数虽多但单瓣质量低，商品质量差。因此，播前低温处理蒜种可以用于青蒜生产，实现提早上市，增加产量，且大瓣和中瓣蒜种效果较好，但不能用于生产蒜薹、蒜头及留种。

英文摘要:

Abstract: In order to study the effect of low temperature on the growth and development of garlic cloves of different sizes, and give full play to the maximum effect of low temperature treatment of garlic cloves on the production, garlic cultivar 'Sanyue Huang' was used as the experimental material, and the garlic cloves were treated at 6 ℃ and stored at room temperature as the control before sowing to observe the rooting, seedling emergence of the garlic cloves and plant characteristics, and compare the yield of the garlic sprouts, garlic bolts and garlic heads. The results showed that the dormancy of garlic cloves could be released early by low temperature treatment, and the early rooting and seedling growth of garlic were promoted, and the larger the garlic cloves, the better the effect, in which emergence rate was the highest of the large-size garlic cloves, reaching 92.4%, followed by the medium-size garlic cloves with 84.93%. The length and thickness of the false stem of garlic plants were signifi cantly increased by low temperature treatment, and the weight of each plant, namely the yield of garlic was improved, and the larger the garlic cloves were, the better the yield would be.Compared with the control, the yield of garlic sprouts in the plot of large-size clove and medium-size clove with the low temperature treatment extremely and signifi cantly increased by 46.28% and 35.95%, respectively, meanwhile the yield of garlic sprouts in small-size clove plot increased by 10.53% with a signifi cant difference. The yield of garlic bolts and garlic heads treated with low temperature were signifi cantly lower than those of control, and the secondary growth was serious, although the number of garlic cloves of each garlic head was large, but the weight of single clove was low, and the quality of the commodity was poor. Therefore, the low temperature treatment of garlic seeds before sowing could be used for the production of garlic sprouts, so as to achieve earlier harvest and increase yield of garlic sprouts, but could not be used for the production of garlic bolts and garlic heads.

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