蔬菜

不同灌溉方式对油菜生理特性的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Physiological Characteristics of Rape

DOI：

英文关键词:rape irrigation method growth characteristic solar greenhouse

基金项目:2019年北京市创新团队叶类蔬菜团队项目（PXM2019_036231_000）。

作者	单位
郝东生，窦硕	北京市密云区农机化技术推广服务站，北京 102100

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中文摘要:

为探究温室内油菜种植最优节水方式，以春油5号为试材，设置畦灌、微喷带、膜上畦灌、膜下微喷4种灌溉方式，研究了不同灌溉方式对油菜株高、开展度、叶片数、单株叶面积、根系和单株质量等指标的影响。结果表明：在不同灌溉方式下，油菜各处理株高、开展度、叶片数均表现为膜下微喷＞膜上畦灌＞微喷带＞畦灌，其中在幼苗期各处理之间差异不显著，进入莲座期后逐渐出现显著差异，至收获时各处理之间差异均达显著水平，以膜下微喷处理效果最好，其次是膜上畦灌。收获时油菜单株叶面积、叶绿素含量、全株干鲜质量、地上部干鲜质量及地下部干鲜质量同样表现为膜下微喷＞膜上畦灌＞微喷带＞畦灌，且各处理单株叶面积、叶绿素含量差异均显著，膜下微喷处理地上部鲜质量显著高于畦灌。0～10 cm土层油菜根系的根长、根表面积、根体积等指标也都表现为膜下微喷＞膜上畦灌＞微喷带＞畦灌，10～20 cm土层则相反。膜下微喷、膜上畦灌、微喷带处理667 m2总灌溉量分别比畦灌节水23.68%、15.79%、7.89%。综上，采用膜下微喷和膜上畦灌措施节水效果显著，且可以提高油菜地上部和地下部生长指标以及产量。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the optimal water-saving method for rape planting in greenhouse, four irrigation methods including border irrigation, micro sprinkling belt, border irrigation on film and micro sprinkling under fi lm were set up with the test material of 'Chunyou No.5'. The effects of different irrigation methods on plant height, expansion diameter, leaf number, leaf area, root system and plant weight of rape were studied. The results showed that under different irrigation methods, the plant height, expansion diameter, leaf number were all characterized by micro sprinkling under fi lm ＞ border irrigation on fi lm ＞ micro sprinkling belt ＞ border irrigation, there was no signifi cant difference among all treatments at the seedling stage, but gradually there were signifi cant differences after entering the rosette stage, and the differences among all treatments reached significant level at harvest time. Leaf area per plant, chlorophyll content and the whole plant dry and fresh weight, dry and fresh weight of plant aboveground and dry and fresh weight underground at harvest time also characterized by micro sprinkling under fi lm ＞ border irrigation on fi lm ＞ micro sprinkling belt ＞ border irrigation, and the leaf area per plant and chlorophyll content of each treatment were signifi cantly different, and the fresh weight of aboveground in the treatment of micro sprinkling under fi lm was signifi cantly higher than that in border irrigation. The root length, root surface area, root volume in the 0-10 cm soil layer were also shown as micro sprinkling under film ＞ border irrigation on fi lm ＞ micro sprinkling belt ＞ border irrigation, while the opposite was true in 10-20 cm soil layer. The total irrigation amount of 667 m2 treated by micro sprinkling under fi lm, border irrigation on fi lm, micro sprinkling belt saved water less than that treated by border irrigation by 23.68%, 15.79% and 7.89%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of micro sprinkling under film, border irrigation on film had signifi cant water-saving effect, and could improve the growth index and yield of rape.

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